When two bodies interact with each other, they exchange force, which is equal in magnitude but act in opposite directions. Also, the action and reaction occur in two different bodies. This difference is due to the difference in the masses of the two objects.Īccording to Newton's third law of motion, to every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction. The effect of a force of around 15 Newton on football will be much more significant as compared to the impact of the same force applied to move a car. The body with less mass accelerates more. Conversely, if the net force is 0, the body doesn't accelerate.Īccording to the second law of motion, if force is applied to two different objects of different masses, different accelerations (change in motion) are produced. If the net force acting on a body is positive, the body gets accelerated. Where ‘F’ is the applied force, and ‘a’ is the acceleration produced, and m is the mass of the object Newton's second law of motion is one of the most important laws of classical physics.įor a body of constant mass m, Newton's law formula is given as, When force is applied to a body, it can either change its momentum or its velocity or both. To speak, momentum is a vector quantity having both velocity and magnitude. The momentum of a body is equivalent to the product of its mass and velocity. Newton's second law gives a quantitative description of force. If a body is moving in a particular direction, it will keep moving in that direction, until an external force is applied to stop it. The state of motion or rest cannot be changed without applying force.
Galileo deduced that a body can't change its state unless acted by force (like friction). Before Galileo, it was believed that a force is required to keep a body moving.
Later on, it was generalized to René Descartes. Galileo Galilei first formulated the law of inertia for the horizontal motion of planet Earth. This property of a body unable to change its state is called Inertia. Newton’s third law - According to Newton's third law of motion, to every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton’s second law - Newton's 2nd law of motion states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force applied on it, and the momentum occurs in the direction of the net applied force. Newton’s first law - Newton's first law of motion states that, if a body is in the state of rest or is moving with a constant speed in a straight line, then the body will remain in the state of rest or keep moving in the straight line, unless and until it is acted upon by an external force. Sir Isaac Newton formulated the laws of motion in the year 1686 in his book ‘Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis’. Newton's laws of motion give a scientific relationship between the forces that act on a body and the changes that occur due to this force.
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